Machine for making spiral washers.



PATBNTED JAN. 13, 1903.

J. E. WILSON. MACHINE FOR MAKING SPIRAL WASHERS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 11, 1902.

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PATENTED JAN. 13, 1903.

J. E. WILSON. MACHINE FOR MAKING SPIRAL WASHERS.

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No. 718,409. PATENTEID JAN. 13, 1903. J. E; WILSON.

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J. E. WILSON. I MACHINE FOR MAKING SPIRAL WASHERS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.11, 1902.

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UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES E. WILSON, OF BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR'TO THE NATIONAL LOCK WVASHER COMPANY, NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

. view of the machine; Fig.

SPECIFICATION forming Application filed January 11, 1902. Serial No. 89,308.

To aZZ whom, it may concern.-

Be it known thatI, JAMES E. WILSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bridgeport, in the county of Fairfieldand State of Connecticut, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Machines for Making Spiral Washers, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to the manufacture of spiral spring-washers for nut-locks; and it consists in the organization and construction of a machine especially designed for such purpose, and in order that the invention may be readily understood I will first describe the operation of the machine and incidentally refer to its parts and details of construction, as shown in the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and subsequently will point out in the appended claims its novel characteristics.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a front View of the machine; Figs. 2 and 3, front and side views of a washer produced thereby; Figs. 4 and 5, views of the arbor upon which the bar is coiled and cut; Fig. 6, a top plan 7, a side view of the same; Fig. 8, asectional side view; Fig. 9, a rear View; Figs. 10, 11, 12, and 13, views of detail of the operative parts; Fig. 14, a vertical sectional View of the machine viewed from the rear and toward the coiling-arbor and feed-rollers; Figs. 15 and 16, detail views of the feeding-in mechanism and Figs. 17 to 22, inclusive, views illustrating the successive steps in the operation of coiling and cutting off the washer from the straight bars fed to the machine.

In the various views the same numerals of reference refer to corresponding parts.

The Washers are coiled from steel bars 1, square in cross-section and about one-fourth inch gage. The bar 1 is fed to the machine between guide-rollers 2 3, which are loosely mounted and turn upon stud-journals 4 4, fix'ed to a detachable plate 6, which is fitted in a groove or recess in the standard 7 and rendered adjustable to move the guide-rollers and preserve the proper alinement of the bar,

part of Letters Patent No. 718,409, dated January 13, 1903.

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From these guide-rollers 2 3 the bar 1 passes to the feed-rollers 8 9. -(See Figs. 6, 14, and 17 to 22.) As the bar 1 enters the feed-rollers 8 9 the upper roller 8 may be slightly raised to give more clearance to the bar by means of a handle-lever 10, fixed to a nut 11 and turning upon an adjusting-screw 15, the roller 8 being raised'by the spreading spring 12, as shown in Fig. 14.

The rollers 8 9 are j ournaled inboxes 13 14, which are movable in guides in the standard 16. The lower box 14 rests upon a cylindrical block 18, which is in contact with a friction-roller 19, these parts being held in contact by the spring 12, Fig. 14.

The friction-roller 19 is mounted and turns freely upon a pin the end of the shaft 21, Fig. 14, and operates to raise the roller 9 into biting and feeding contact with the bar 1 and also to release the contact at the proper times during the continuous operation of the machine, this being effected through devices acting automatically, which will be presently referred to. The forward end of the bar 1 from which the washer is coiled is fed against a stop-shoulder 22 on the resting-plate 23 and is then in proper place relative with the forming-arbor 25. (See dotted lines, Figs. 17,18.) Inthis position of the bar 1, if the roller 8 has been raised to make more space for the entry of the bar, and consequently places it out of alinement, it may be forced down to its proper alinement by the lever-handle 10 operating the nut 11 and screw 15. The machine may then be started for continuous performance to coil and complete the washer by raising the clutch-lever 26, Figs. 7, 9, and 10, which releases the semicylindrical key 28, located in shaft 30, from the arm 27, the key 28 being then turned into the notch in the block 32 by the spring 31. The block 32 is dovetailed with the hub of the continuous running-gear 33. With these devices the shaft 30 may be caused to make one revolution and then be arrested by the automatic action of the lug 34 upon the key 28,

27 and disengaging the key from the notch I this alinement being liable to vary from Wear 20, located eccentrically on contacting with the arm in the block 32, (see Fig. 10,) or the shaft may be caused to make any desired number of revolutions until the clutch-lever 26 is dropped by the operator. By these devices a continuous operation of the machine or an automatic stop at each revolution of the shaft 30 may be effected at the will of the operator.

In the revolution of the sliding shaft and previous to any bending of the bar 1 the cutter 43, Fig. 8, is moved in contact with the bar 1 and holds the same sufficiently firm upon the forming-arbor 25 to prevent slip during the bending operation, which insures perfect and uniform washers.

The sliding shaft 35 and roll 38 on the pin 37 are revolved by the shaft 30 through the medium of the feather 36, the coiling-roller 38 being brought upon the bar 1 from the position shown in Figs. 17, 18 to the position shown in Fig. 19 and also brought forward to contact the shoulder 39 of roll 38 with the vertical face of the bar 1 to hold the bar against the spiral surface of the coiling-arbor during the formation of the washer, the shoulder 39 then receding parallel with the spiral surface of the coiling-arbor by the positive action of the grooved cam 40, secured to the shaft 35.

The grooved cam 40 engages with a frictionroller 41, mounted on the fixed stud 42, and turns during the coiling of the bar 1 around and over the inner cylindrical surface of the fixed arbor 25, Fig. 20, to the position shown in Fig. 21, the groove in the cam 40 corresponding to the spiral surface of the formingarborand maintaining the shoulder 39 in positive contact with the bar 1. The feature of the machine for maintaining the bar 1 against the spiral surface of the forming-arbor is an important part of this invention, in that it prevents the bar from twisting during the bending operation and contributes to keep the tail 51 of the washer straight and truly tangential to its circular portion. It also insures the production of washers of equal size, notwithstanding a variation in the elastic quality of the bars.

It will be observed that the center of rotation of the pin 37 is placed eccentrically to the right and below the center of the forming arbor 25 in order that the roller 38 may begin to act upon the bar at the greatest distance from the arbor and gradually approach the arbor toward the completion of the bending operation, as shown in Fig. 21, thus rendering the coiling operation easy and certain.

At the completion of the coiling operation the cutter 43 suddenly descends from its former retaining position, as shown in Fig. 8,

i and cooperates with the shearing edge 44 of the arbor 25 and severs the completed washer from the bar. This gripping and cutting tool 43 and its cooperative parts are shown in Figs. 8 and 9 and consist in a cam 77, fixed upon the hub of the feed-gear 65, the cam projection 78 (see dotted lines, Fig. 9) acting upon a friction-roller 79, journaled in the end of the long arm 81 of the lever 80, the lever 80 being fulcrumed on an eccentric-pin 83 for the purpose of adjusting the cutter 43 to an accurate bearing upon the bar 1. With the position of the roller 79 as shown in Fig. 9 and the cutter 43 adjusted to clamp the bar 1 firmly the cam projection 78 as it passes the roller 79 suddenly dips the lever 80, which brings its short arm 82 to act upon the rounded bolster 85 of slide 86, to which the cuttingtool 43 is clamped by the plate 87, Figs. 6, 14. In this sudden stroke of the cutting-tool 43, cooperating with the shearing edge 44 of the forming-arbor 25, the washer is severed from the bar 1. The cutting-tool,with its operative devices, is then quickly forced upward by the springs 88, Fig. 14, to the relative position shown in Figs. 8 and 9 and clears the path for feeding the bar 1 into place for the succeeding operation. As the bending operation of the washer is effected under compression when it is severed from the bar, its resiliency will cause it to eject itself from the formingarbor, and it then drops through the opening 45 to a convenient receptacle beneath, as shown in Fig. 1, leaving the bar 1 in the position shown in Fig. 22. A pawl 48 (see Fig. 10) is devised to engage with a notch in the rim 49 of the feed-gear 65, fixed on the shaft 30, Fig. 15, when the lug 34 of the key 28 contacts with key 27. This device arrests and locks the shafts 30 35 and holds the roller 38 upon the completely-bent washer in the position shown in Fig. 21. This facilitates an inspection of the work, and any readjustment of the parts that may be necessary can be effected.

The pawl 48 may be disengaged by depressing the attached arm 53. It will be understood that the operation of forming and severing the washer completes the first revolution of the forming devices. Following the severing of the washer the cutter 43 is quickly withdrawn to the position shown in Fig. 18 and the roller 38 to the position shown in Fig. 17. The shaft 35 is moved endwise to permit the escape of the washer and allow the roller 38 to pass the cutting-tool 43, the bar 1 being then automatically fed forward to and against the stop 22, Fig. 19. The cutter 43 is next brought in gripping contact with the bar 1 and the operation continued as before. The automatic feed of the bar 1 is produced by the biting contact of the feed-rollers 8 9,which are forced in contact with the bar by raising the box 14, Fig. 14, through the medium of the block 18, friction-roller 19, eccentric-pin 20, and shaft 21, Figs. 7, 14, hereinbefore so far referred to. The shaft 21 derives its motion from the rock-shaft 57, Fig. 7, which is journaled in the standards 58 59 and rocked by the arm 60, Fig. 16, connecting-rod 61, oscillating ring and roller 62, cam 63, placed within the recess 64 of the feed-driving gear 65, fixed to shaft 35. To adjust the biting force of the rollers 8 9, a separate means is provided for each, the lower roller 9 being adjusted by the set-screws 66, Fig. 7, on the forked piece 67, fixed on shaft 21 and hearing upon the flange 68 of the collar 69 on shaft 57, Figs. 14 and 15. The upper roller 8 is adjusted by means of the adjusting-screw 15, operated through the nut 11 and hand lever 10. (Shown in Figs. 6, 14.)

The feed-roller S is secured to the shaft and derives its motion through the pinion 71, which meshes into the gear 65 on shaft 30, the feed-roller 9 receiving its motion through engaging gears with roller 8.

The stop and resting plate 23, Figs. l4, l9, and 20, for the bar 1 is pivoted at 24 and drops with the projectingend of the bar as thelatter is coiled, as shown in Fig. 20. The plate 23 is returned and held against the stop-plate by the spring 76; Fig. 14. The gear 33, Fig. 8, is held on shaft 30 by the end plate 90. The key 28, which clutches the gear to the shaft, is semicylindrical and is turned into engagement by the spring 92 upon the falling of the lug 34 from the starting-lever 27, Figs. 10, 12.

The several successive operations of the machine are as follows:

First. Feeding in the bar from which the washer is formed. This may be effected in many known ways; but in the present instance friction-rollers are used which continually revolve and are forced in contact with the bar intermittently.

Second. Gripping the bar during the bend ing or coiling operation. This is effected by the cutting-off tool 43, which is caused to descend upon the bar after the bar has been fed forward and held upon the bar during the coiling operation.

Third. Bending or coiling the bar around the fixed arbor. This is effected bya coilingroller 38, mounted on a pin fixed in an arm 37, carried by a revolving shaft 35, the center of revolution of the roller 38 being eccentric to that of the forming-arbor 25. The coilingroller 38 is constructed with a flange or shoulder 39, which bears upon the side of the washer and prevents the bar from twisting and also to keep the tail of the washer truly tangential therewith. (See Fig-17.) As before set forth, the forming-arbor 25 is constructed with a spiral face, and the coilingroller 38 is caused to follow said face by a cam 40 of corresponding pitch with the spiral face of the arbor, fixed to the sliding shaft 35, upon which the coiling-roller 38 is mounted, the cam 40 engaging with a fixed stud 41 on the framework of the machine. (See Fig.

8.) With reference to this third operation, the effect of placing the pin carrying the coiling-roller 3S eccentric to the center of the fixed arbor 25 is to cause the coiling-roller to impinge upon the bar from which the washer is to he formed near the endof the bar, thereby applying the bending force at the greatest distance from the arbor, which renders the deflection of the bar easy, and it also reduces the tendency of the bar to crawl or drawaway from between the grip 43 and the arbor, and, further, it forces the final coiling of the bar about the arbor at such short leverage that the tail of the washer is kept straight It is possible that a r and truly tangential. similar washer might be coiled if the respective centers were concentric; but the described manner set forth insures uniformity in the washers and the advantages noted with reference to the operative devices.

Fourth. Cuttingofiorseveringthebarafter the washer is coiled. This is effected by causing the cutting-tool 43 to suddenly descend upon the bar and act in conjunction with the shearing edge of the fixed arbor 25, thus severing the bar at the exact point where the coil or band begins. The completed washer now springs off the arbor by reason of its slight resiliency, following the coiling operation, and falls clear of the arbor and coiling-roll and permits the continuous operation of the machine until the entire bar is utilized.

The driving mechanism comprises the belted fiy-wheel 56, its shaft 54, and spur-pinion 55, meshing with the gear-wheel 33, connecting with shaft 30, that operates the minor devices, as hereinbefore described.

The hand-lever 26, Figs. 6, 7, and 9, for manipulating the machine is provided with an arm 27, that engages with the short arm 34 of the semicylindrical key 28.

When the arm 34is disengaged from the opcrating-lever 27, (see Figs. 10, ,11, 13,) the connected spring 92 turns the key to effect an engagement of the gear-wheel 33 and shaft 30. The throw of the hand-lever 26 is limited to the stops 110 111. (See Fig. 7.)

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is-

1. A machine for making spiral washers, comprising a feed device for intermittently advancing the bar to a fixed position from which a washer is coiled; means for'holding the bar in fixed position during the operation of coiling; a fixed arbor having a spiral face upon which the bar is coiled; a revolving coilarbor whereby the coiling device acts with advancing said cutting-off device to sever the 10 decreasing leverage during the coiling opera- I bar at the completion of the coiling operation,

tion, as set forth. as set forth.

3. In a machine for making spiral washers, In testimony whereof I affix my signature a fixed arbor upon which the bar is coiled; a in presence of two witnesses. revolving coiling device cooperating with said JAMES E. WILSON. arbor; an adjustable cutting-off device with \Vitnesses:

CARL FOSTER, CLARA L. NORTHROP.

means for holding the bar in fixed position during the coiling operation, and means for 

